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Abstract

Comprehensive treatment of the facial skeleton and occlusion requires an understanding of all functional variables, including the upper airway. Numerous reports have shown a causal relationship between the upper airway and respiratory mode in the development of facial morphology and malocclusion. This article reviewed the airway assessment in normal subjects during growth and development, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects and malocclusion subjects.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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